Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo de reflexión consiste en proponer una metodología que visibilice la práctica epistémica mediante el razonamiento abductivo para la generación de conocimiento a partir de una experiencia de cuidado. Para ello, se describen las conexiones entre la ciencia de enfermería y el intermodernismo, se desarrolla la idea de la práctica de enfermería como fuente de conocimiento y se definen los componentes del razonamiento abductivo para la práctica. Finalmente, se presenta un ejercicio académico desarrollado en el marco de la asignatura Evaluación de la teoría para la investigación y la práctica del programa de Doctorado en Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sobre cómo se desarrolló una teoría a partir de una situación de cuidado y su utilidad científica al generar en el paciente una sensación de plenitud en su salud y en el profesional de enfermería, satisfacción con su labor.

Abstract The aim of this reflection article consists in proposing a methodology that makes visible the epistemic practice through abductive reasoning for the generation of knowledge from an experience of caring. For such, the work describes the connections between the science of nursing and inter-modernism, develops the idea of the nursing practice as source of knowledge, and defines the components of abductive reasoning for the practice. Finally, the work presents an academic exercise developed within the framework of the assignment Evaluation of the theory for research and practice in the PhD program in nursing at Universidad Nacional de Colombia on how a theory was developed from a situation of care and its scientific usefulness upon generating in patients a sense of fullness in their health and in nursing professionals, satisfaction with their work.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo de reflexão é propor uma metodologia que torne visível a prática epistêmica por meio do raciocínio abdutivo para a geração de conhecimento a partir de uma experiência de cuidado. Para tanto, descrevem-se as conexões entre a ciência da enfermagem e o intermodernismo, desenvolve-se a ideia da prática de enfermagem como fonte de conhecimento e define-se os componentes do raciocínio abdutivo para a prática. Por fim, apresenta-se um exercício acadêmico desenvolvido no âmbito da disciplina Avaliação da teoria para pesquisa e prática do programa de Doutorado em Enfermagem da Universidade Nacional da Colômbia sobre como se desenvolveu uma teoria a partir de uma situação de cuidado e sua utilidade científica gerando no paciente uma sensação de plenitude em sua saúde e no profissional de enfermagem, satisfação com seu trabalho

Abstract Introduction: Sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) is a prothrombotic condition characterized by increased platelet aggregation that causes arterial and venous thrombosis. Its diagnosis is reached by identifying increased aggregation using low concentrations of adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine in platelet aggregation tests. Objectives: To identify common mutations through exome sequencing in two patients from the same family diagnosed with SPS and, thus, contribute to the molecular study of this disease. Materials and methods: Descriptive study. In January 2018, exome sequencing was performed in a 10-year-old patient treated at Fundación HOMI (Bogotá D.C., Colombia), index case, and in one of his adult first-degree relatives, both with a history of thrombotic disease and diagnosed with SPS. Exome sequencing was performed at the Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) using the SureSelect Clinical Research Exome V2 software by Agilent. Results: Exome sequencing led to detect genetic variants in both cases when compared with the reference sequence. The following variant was identified in the two samples: a cytosine to thymine transition at position c.236 (NM_000174.4) of the glycoprotein (GP)Ib-IX-V complex platelet membrane receptor, which causes a heterozygous transition of the amino acid threonine to isoleucine (i.e., a transition from hydrophilic amino acid to a hydrophobic amino acid) at position p. 79 of the extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain of GPIba subunit of the (GP)Ib-IX complex, involving a conformational change of the main receptor of ligands IB alpha, which might result in platelet hyperaggregation and thrombosis. This variant has not been described in patients with SPS to date. Conclusion: The mutation identified in both samples could be related to SPS considering the importance of glycoprotein IX in platelet function.

Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de plaqueta pegajosa (SPP) es una condición protrombótica caracterizada por un incremento de la agregabilidad plaquetaria que causa trombosis arterial y venosa. Su diagnóstico se realiza al identificar el aumento de la agregabilidad utilizando bajas concentraciones de adenosín difosfato y epinefrina en pruebas de agregación plaquetaria. Objetivos. Identificar mutaciones comunes mediante secuenciación del exoma en dos pacientes de una misma familia con diagnóstico de SPP y, de esta forma, contribuir al estudio molecular de esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se realizó secuenciación del exoma en un paciente de 10 años atendido en la Fundación HOMI (Bogotá, Colombia), caso índice, y en uno de sus familiares adultos en primer grado, ambos con antecedente de enfermedad trombótica y diagnosticados con SPP. La secuenciación del exoma se realizó en el Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (España) con el programa SureSelect Clinical Research Exome V2 de Agilent. Resultados. En la secuenciación del exoma se detectaron variantes genéticas en ambos casos en comparación con la secuencia de referencia. En las muestras de ambos pacientes se identificó una variante heterocigota consistente en una transición de citosina a timina en la posición c.236 (NM_000174.4) que provoca el cambio del aminoácido treonina por isoleucina en la posición p.79 del dominio extracelular repetitivo rico en leucina (subunidad GPIba del complejo de la glicoproteína Ib-IX-V) y que podría provocar el cambio conformacional del receptor principal del ligando Ib alfa, así como hiperagregación plaquetaria y trombosis. Esta variante no ha sido descrita previamente en pacientes con SPP. Conclusión. La mutación identificada en las muestras estudiadas podría estar relacionada con el SPP considerando la importancia de la glicoproteína IX en las funciones plaquetarias.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento "Valoración de relaciones interpersonales enfermera-familia en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (VEIEF-UCI)". Materiales y método: Estudio de tipo instrumental de cinco fases: i) validez de contenido a través de juicio de expertos, ii) validez de constructo implementando análisis factorial exploratorio, iii) validez de criterio analizando correlación con instrumento compatible teóricamente, iv) confiabilidad con el índice de correlación por mitades y v) análisis de dificultad/ consistencia a través del modelo de Rasch. La muestra del pilotaje fue de 430 familiares de pacientes adultos internados en uci de dos hospitales universitarios. La muestra para el juicio de expertos fue de 7 expertos. Resultados: El VEIEF-UCI mostró un índice de concordancia global de 0,96; la validez de constructo determinó que el instrumento es unidimensional con una varianza explicada de 68,6 % para un factor; la validez de criterio evidenció un índice de correlación con el criterio externo de 0,876; la confiabilidad del instrumento es determinada con un índice de confiabilidad por mitades de 0,90. El modelo de Rasch evidenció adecuados niveles de dificultad, lo que se traduce en una alta probabilidad de que los participantes desarrollen adecuadamente el instrumento (residuales cuadráticos medios de 0,99 y de ajuste estadístico estandarizado de -0,1 para ajuste interno, y residuales cuadráticos medios de 1,01 y de ajuste estadístico estandarizado de 0,1 para ajuste externo). Conclusiones: Las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento VEIEF-UCI son adecuadas para la valoración de las relaciones interpersonales entre enfermera y familia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.

Abstract Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the instrument "Assessment of nurse-family interpersonal relationships in the Intensive Care Unit (VRIEF-ICU)." Materiales and method: Five-phase instrumental study: i) content validity through expert judgment, ii) construct validity by implementing exploratory factor analysis, iii) criterion validity analyzing correlation with a theoretically compatible instrument, iv) reliability with the reliability index by halves, and v) analysis of difficulty/consistency through the Rasch model. The pilot sample consisted of 430 relatives of adult patients admitted to the ICU of two university hospitals. The sample for the expert judgment was 7 specialists. Results: The VRIEF-UCI showed a global concordance index of 0.96; construct validity determined that the instrument is one-dimensional with an explained variance of 68.6% for one factor; criterion validity evidenced a correlation index with the external criterion of 0.876; the reliability of the instrument is determined with a reliability index by halves of 0.90. The Rasch model showed adequate levels of difficulty, which translates into a high probability that participants adequately develop the instrument (mean square residuals of 0.99 and standardized statistical fit of -0.1 for internal fit, and mean square residuals of 1.01 and standardized statistical fit of 0.1 for external fit). Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the VRIEF-UCI instrument are suitable for assessing the interpersonal relationships between nurse and family in the intensive care unit.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento "Avaliação das relações interpessoais enfermeirafamília em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (VRIEF-UTT)". Materiais e método: Estudo instrumental em cinco fases: i) validade de conteúdo por meio de julgamento de especialistas; ii) validade de construto por meio da implementação de análise fatorial exploratória; iii) validade de critério a partir da análise da correlação com um instrumento teoricamente compatível; iv) confiabilidade com o índice de correlação pela metade e v) análise de dificuldade/consistência por meio do modelo Rasch. A amostra-piloto foi composta por 430 familiares de pacientes adultos internados em UTI de dois hospitais universitários. A amostra para o julgamento do especialista foi de sete especialistas. Resultados: O VRIEF-UCI apresentou índice de concordância global de 0,96; a validade de construto determinou que o instrumento é unidimensional com variância explicada de 68,6 % para um fator; a validade de critério evidenciou índice de correlação com o critério externo de 0,876; a confiabilidade do instrumento é determinada com um índice de confiabilidade pela metade de 0,90. O modelo Rasch apresentou níveis de dificuldade adequados, o que se traduz em uma alta probabilidade de os participantes desenvolverem adequadamente o instrumento (resíduos quadrados médios de 0,99 e ajuste estatístico padronizado de -0,1 para ajuste interno e resíduos quadrados médios de 1,01 e ajuste estatístico padronizado de 0,1 para ajuste externo). Conclusões: As propriedades psicométricas do instrumento VRIEF-UCI são adequadas para avaliar as relações interpessoais entre enfermeiro e família em unidade de terapia intensiva.

Resumen La tuberculosis (TB) es una de las enfermedades infecciosas con mayor carga de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial,la presentación pulmonar es la forma más común, sin embargo, las manifestaciones extrapulmonares, especialmente las osteoarticulares, pueden ser difíciles de diagnosticar debido a sus síntomas inespecíficos sugestivos de otras entidades como neoplasias o enfermedades infiltrativas, lo que hace de su diagnóstico un reto clínico. Está enfermedad esta asociada a múltiples factores de riesgo como inmunosupresión, contacto cercano con pacientes con tuberculosis, hacinamiento, residir en zona endémica, entre otros. A continuación, se presentan dos casos de pacientes pediátricos sin compromiso inmune que cursaron con cuadros sugestivos de neoplasias musculoesqueleticas, con hallazgos imagenológicos congruentes, pero con estudios microbiológicos positivos para TB.

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases with the highest burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pulmonary presentation is the most common, however, extrapulmonary manifestations, especially osteoarticular, can be difficult to diagnose due to their nonspecific symptoms suggestive of other entities such as neoplasms or infiltrative diseases. Tuberculosis is also associated with multiple risk factors, especially immunosuppression, and among others, household contact with patients with tuberculosis or residing in an endemic area. We present two pediatric patients without immunecompromise, with clinical history suggestive of musculoskeletal neoplasms, with congruent imaging findings, but with positive microbiological studies for TB.

Resumen Objetivo: describir las características y el comportamiento clínico de pacientes tratados con sacubitril/valsartán en una clínica de falla cardiaca de un hospital de alta complejidad. Métodos: se analizaron en retrospectiva 56 pacientes en manejo con sacubitril/valsartán, entre enero de 2017 y mayo de 2018. A los tres meses de inicio del tratamiento, 87% de los pacientes fueron evaluados. Se determinaron cambios en clase funcional, fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI) y presión arterial sistólica y diastólica. Se registraron reingresos hospitalarios por falla cardiaca, mortalidad cardiovascular y eventos adversos asociados a la medicación. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 71,3 años; 51,7% correspondían al sexo masculino, 73% tenía etiología isquémica, 35% clase funcional NYHA II y 60% NYHA III antes de iniciar el tratamiento con sacubitril/valsartán. Al finalizar el seguimiento, 57% mejoró su clase funcional y 81,7% se encontraba en clase funcional NYHA II (IC95%, -0,52 a-0,18; p=0,0002). Hubo mejoría significativa en los valores de FEVI respecto a los basales (IC95%, 4,27 a 11,86; p=0,0002). Se observó una disminución significativa de la presión arterial tanto sistólica como diastólica (p<0,01). Un paciente presentó muerte súbita (2%) y uno hospitalización por falla cardiaca (2%). Ningún paciente descontinuó la terapia por efectos adversos. Conclusión: sacubitril/valsartán es una terapia útil en pacientes con falla cardiaca sintomática y FEVI reducida. La población evaluada tenía un perfil demográfico y clínico semejante al del ensayo clínico PARADIGM-HF, lo cual sugiere que los desenlaces clínicos son similares en la población colombiana.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics and clinical behaviour of patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan in a heart failure clinic of a high complexity hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a total of 56 patients on treatment with sacubitril/valsartan, between January 2017 and May 2018. At three months from the start of the treatment, 87% of the patients were evaluated. Changes were observed in functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. A record was made of hospital re-admissions due to heart failure, cardiovascular mortality, and adverse events associated with the medication. Results: The mean age of the patients was 71.3 years, of which 51.7% were male. An ischaemic origin was found in 73%. NYHA II and NYHA III functional class was observed 35% and 60%, respectively, before starting the treatment with sacubitril/valsartan. At the end of follow-up, 57% improved their functional class, and 81.7% were found to be in NYHA II functional class (95% CI; -0.52 to -0.18:=0.0002). There was a significant improvement in the LVEF values compared to baseline (95% CI; 4.27 to 11.86; P=0.0002). A significant decrease was observed in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01). There was sudden death in one (2%) patient and one (2%) patient admitted due to heart failure. None of the patients stopped the therapy due to secondary effects. Conclusion: Sacubitril/valsartan is a useful therapy in patients with symptomatic heart failure and a decreased LVEF. The population evaluated had a demographic and similar clinical signs and symptoms to the PARADIGM-HF clinical trial, which suggests that the clinical outcomes are similar in the Colombian population.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Leiomyomas and gestation are an association with unpredictable complications, in which their incidence is increased by the delay of the first gestation and as maternal age advances, its relationship with postpartum hemorrhage and high risk of obstetric hysterectomy increases maternal morbidity and mortality proportionally. CLINICAL CASE: A 30-year-old patient without prenatal care and a clinically terminal pregnancy, who attended the emergency department due to obstetric pain and transvaginal bleeding. Physical examination revealed first labor, 9cm of dilation, height of presentation -4 according to plans From Lee, placental edge was palpated at the cervical level, accompanied by moderate transvaginal bleeding, bright red, mater code is activated and prepared for cesarean section, for bleeding placenta, during the surgical event, corroborates diagnosis and tumor that starts on the face posterior, lower uterine segment and ends at the cervical level, with multiple vessels of bleeding neoformation and secondary uterine atony, causing significant hemorrhage, obstetric hysterectomy was performed, a new born with sex female woman with a weight of 3145 g, size 51cm, Capurro 41 weeks of gestation was obtained, Apgar 7/9, the total blood loss was 2000 cc, 4 days of inpatient hospital stay, the binomial without complications was graduated. CONCLUSION: The association of uterine myomatosis and pregnancy increase the risk of maternal complications, adequate ultrasound monitoring and prenatal control, determine the repercussion during the evolution of pregnancy and childbirth, conservative management should always be considered.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los leiomiomas y el embarazo se relacionan con complicaciones impredecibles; incluso su incidencia se ha incrementado, debido al retraso de la primera gestación y conforme avanza la edad de la madre, su asociación con hemorragia posparto y alto riesgo de histerectomía obstétrica aumentan la morbilidad y mortalidad. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 30 años, sin control prenatal y embarazo clínicamente de término, que acudió a urgencias por dolor obstétrico y sangrado transvaginal. En la exploración física reveló el primer periodo de trabajo de parto, 9 cm de dilatación, altura de presentación -4 según los planos De Lee; se palpó el borde placentario a nivel cervical, acompañado de sangrado transvaginal moderado, rojo rutilante. Se activó el código mater y se preparó para cesárea, por placenta previa sangrante. Durante la intervención quirúrgica se comprobó el diagnóstico y la tumoración, que inició en la cara posterior, en el segmento uterino inferior, y finalizó en la zona cervical, con múltiples vasos de neoformación sangrantes y atonía uterina secundaria, circunstancias que condicionaron hemorragia importante. Se efectuó la histerectomía obstétrica y nació una niña de 3145 g, talla 51 cm, Capurro de 41 semanas de gestación y Apgar 7/9. La pérdida hemática total fue de 2000 cc; permaneció cuatro días en estancia hospitalaria y la madre y su hijo se dieron de alta del hospital sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La relación entre miomatosis uterina y embarazo incrementa el riesgo de complicaciones maternas. El seguimiento ecográfico y el control prenatal determinan su repercusión durante la evolución del embarazo y el parto. En estos casos es importante considerar el tratamiento conservador.

Resumen Se aisló un flavonoide antioxidante del extracto metanólico de hojas de Alchornea coelophylla Pax & K. Hoffm. El compuesto se obtuvo por medio de sucesivas cromatografías en columna (con la resina DIAION HP-20 y sílica gel), seguidas de cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia (HPLC). Con base en el análisis espectroscópico y por comparación con valores relacionados reportados en la literatura, el flavonoide se identificó como Apigenin-8-C-(α-L-rhamnopiranosil-(1-›2)-β-D-glucopiranósido). Este compuesto presentó una alta actividad antioxidante in vitro: ensayos colorimétricos utilizando DPPH. y ABTS • + mostraron valores de IC50 de 7.528 y 379.7 µg mL-1, respectivamente.

Abstract An antioxidant flavonoid has been isolated from methanolic leaf extract of Alchornea coelophylla Pax & K. Hoffm. by means of different column chromatography steps with DIAION HP-20 resin and silica gel in combination with analytical highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was identified as Apigenin-8-C- (α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-›2)-β-D-glucopyranoside) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with related values reported in the literature. This compound exhibited high in vitro antioxidant activity through DPPH. and ABTS • + colorimetric assays with IC50 values of 7.528 and 379.7 µg. mL-1, respectively.

Resumen Um flavonoide antioxidante foi isolado do extrato metanólico das folhas de Alchornea coelophylla Pax & K. Hoffm. por meio de diferentes etapas de cromatografia em coluna usando resina DIAION HP-20 e gel de sílica em combinação com Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiencia (HPLC) analítica. O composto foi identificado como apigenina-8-C-(α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1-›2)-β-D-glicopiranosido) com base em análises espectroscópicas e por comparação com valores descritos na literatura. Este composto exibiu elevada atividade antioxidante in vitro por meio de ensaios colorimétricos por DPPH e ABTS • + com valores de IC50 de 7,528 e 379,7 µg. mL-1, respectivamente.

El tifus murino es una enfermedad infecciosa de carácter zoonótico causada por Rickettsia typhi . Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 13 años edad, procedente del área urbana de la ciudad de Cali, quien presentó un cuadro febril asociado a taquipnea y exantema maculopapular generalizado en tronco y extremidades. Durante las primeras 48 h en la UCI pediátrica desarrolló rápido deterioro clínico, fiebre persistente, aumento de reactantes de fase aguda, presencia de infiltrados pulmonares intersticiales bilaterales y derrame pleural, requiriendo ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Se inició tratamiento con doxiciclina frente a la sospecha de una posible infección por agentes rickettsiales. Veinticuatro horas más tarde la paciente presentó mejoría clínica, resolución del exantema y retiro de la ventilación no invasiva. Por medio de la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta se evidenciaron títulos de 1:512 frente al grupo del tifus, constatando el diagnóstico probable de tifus murino.

Murine typhus is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Rickettsia typhi . We report a case of a 13-year old female patient from the urban area of the city of Cali, who presented with fever, associated with tachypnoea and generalised maculopapular exanthema on the trunk and limbs. During the first 48 h in the paediatric ICU, she rapidly deteriorated, with persistent fever, increased acute phase reactants, bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusion requiring noninvasive ventilation. Treatment with doxycycline was initiated due to a suspected infection by rickettsial agents. Twenty-four hours later the patient presented clinical improvement and resolution of the exanthema, thus the non-invasive ventilation was withdrawn. By means of a indirect immunofluorescence test, titres of 1:512 were shown against the typhus group, leading to the probable diagnosis of murine typhus.

Alrededor del mundo, la gente ha usado las plantas para tratar enfermedades e infecciones, este potencial ha hecho que se incremente el interés en la biodiversidad vegetal como fuente de principios antimicrobianos. En este trabajo, se evaluaron 75 extractos crudos de n-hexano, diclorometano y metanol, obtenidos a partir de la parte aérea de 25 especies de plantas proveniente de cuatro familias botánicas (Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae y Solanaceae), colectadas en el Parque Regional Natural Ucumari (Risaralda, Colombia); los cuales fueron evaluados por sus actividades antibacteriana y antifúngica a través del método de difusión en pozo. La actividad antibacteriana fue ensayada frente a las bacterias Gram-positivas Staphylococcus aureus y Bacillus subtilis, y las g-negativas Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adicionalmente, las mismas plantas fueron evaluadas frente a la levadura Candida albicans y los hongos Aspergillus fumigatus y Fusarium solani. En general, las plantas ensayadas mostraron mejor actividad antibacteriana que antifúngica; donde la familia Rubiaceae fue la que presentó mayor actividad antibacteriana, seguida por las familias Euphorbiaceae y Solanaceae. El extracto metanólico de Alchornea coelophylla (Euphorbiaceae) fue el que presentó mejor actividad antibacteriana al inhibir cuatro de las bacteria ensayadas (B. Subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus y E. coli); y los extractos de diclorometano de Acalypha diversifolia y Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) fueron los que tuvieron la menor Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria en la actividad antifúngica. El hongo evaluado más susceptible fue F. Solani, el cual fue inhibido por el 60% y el 20% de los extractos de diclorometano y metanol, respectivamente. Se considera que la actividad biológica de estos extractos, se relaciona con los metabolitos secundarios que ellos contienen y las diferentes susceptibilidades de los microorganismos patogénicos evaluados

On a global scale, people have used plants to treat diseases and infections, and this has raised interest on the plant biodiversity potencial in the search of antimicrobial principles. In this work, 75 crude n-hexanes, dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the aerial parts of 25 plants belonging to four botanical families (Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae and Solanaceae), collected at the Natural Regional Park Ucumari (Risaralda, Colombia), were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by the agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activities were assayed against two Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and three Gram-negative ones named, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the same plant extracts were tested against the yeast Candida albicans and the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani. Overall, the plant extracts examined displayed better bactericide rather than fungicide activities. In general, the best antibacterial activity was showed by the plant extracts from the Rubiaceae family, followed in order by the extracts from the Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae ones. It is important to emphasize the great activity displayed by the methanol extract of Alchornea coelophylla (Euphorbiaceae) that inhibited four out of five bacteria tested (B. Subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli). Furthermore, the best Minimal Inhibitory Concentration for the extracts with antifungal activities were displayed by the dichloromethane extracts from Acalypha diversifolia and Euphorbia sp (Euphorbiaceae). The most susceptible fungus evaluated was F. Solani since 60% and 20% of the dichloromethane and methanol extracts evaluated inhibited the growth of this phytopathogenic fungus. The antimicrobial activity of the different plant extracts examined in this work could be related to the secondary metabolites contents and their interaction and susceptibility of pathogenic microorganism evaluated.

Desde tiempos inmemoriales, muchas plantas han sido usadas para el tratamiento de varias enfermedades e infecciones, este potencial ha sido explotado por la industria farmacéutica en la búsqueda de nuevos agentes analgésicos, anticancerígenos y antimicrobianos, entre otros. Consientes con esto, se evaluó la actividad de 35 extractos de 13 especies de plantas recolectadas en el Parque Regional Natural La Marcada (PRNLM, Colombia) contra las cepas mutadas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae RS322N, R52Y y RS321 en el ensayo de la levadura mutada y la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos a través del método del DPPH. El extracto crudo de diclorometano de Myriocarpa stipitata (Urticaceae) presentó actividad moderada contra las tres cepas de S. cerevisiae evaluadas. Lo cual permitió inferir la capacidad del extracto de diclorometano de esta especie para inhibir la enzima topoisomerasa I y causar daño al ADN. Además, en el ensayo del DPPH, el extracto de n-hexano crudo de Costus sp (Costaceae) mostró actividad antioxidante buena (48%), mientras que los extractos de diclorometano y acuoso metanólico crudos de Rhipsalis micrantha (Cactaceae) tuvieron actividad antioxidante moderada, con valores del 29 y 21%, respectivamente.

Many plants have been used to treat some diseases and infections since time immemorial, and this potential has been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry in the search of new analgesic, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial agents, among other active agents. in order to contribute with bioprospection studies on the Colombian flora, 35 extracts from 13 plant species belonging to seven families (Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Costaceae, Eremolepidaceae, Passifloraceae, Solanaceae and Urticaceae) were collected from La Marcada Natural Regional Park (LMNRP), Colombia. Dichloromethane, n-hexane and aqueous-methanol crude extracts were prepared and evaluated for their activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae RS322N, R52Y and RS321 strains in the yeast mutant assay and their antioxidant capacity through the DPPH test. The dichloromethane extract from Myriocarpa stipitata (Urticaceae) showed moderate inhibitory activity against the three S. cerevisiae strains tested. The capacity of the dichloromethane extract from M. stipitata to inhibit the enzyme topoisomerase I and to cause DNA damage was inferred from these results. In the DPPH assay, the n-hexane crude extract from Costus sp. (Costaceae) showed good antioxidant activity (48%); in addition, the crude dichloromethane and aqueous-methanol extracts from Rhipsalis micrantha (Cactaceae) showed moderate antioxidant activity with percentage of 29 and 21%, respectively. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1089-1097. Epub 2011 September 01.

Neste estudo a atividade antioxidante de quarenta e seis extratos metanólicos de plantas das famílias botânicas Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae e Solanaceae, coletadas no Parque Regional Natural Ucumarí (PRNU, Risaralda, Colômbia), foi determinada usando o ensaio de captação de radical livre de 1,1 difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Os extratos das plantas que mostraram a maior atividade antioxidante foram Phyllanthus sp. (54.0%, Euphorbiaceae), seguido por duas espécies da família de Melastomataceae Tibouchina grossa (47.0%) e Miconia lehmannii Cogn. (45.3%) e Lycianthes radiata (Sendt.) Bitter. (41.5%, Solanaceae). Esta é a primeira informação da atividade antioxidante destas espécies.

In this study the antioxidant activity of forty-six methanol plant extracts, from the botanical families Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae and Solanaceae, collected at the Regional Natural Park Ucumarí (RNPU, Risaralda, Colombia), were established by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay. The plant extracts that showed the greatest antioxidant activity were Phyllanthus sp. (54.0%, Euphorbiaceae), followed by the two species belonging to the Melastomataceae family Tibouchina grossa (47.0%) and Miconia lehmannii Cogn. (45.3%) and continuing with Lycianthes radiata (Sendt.) Bitter. (41.5%, Solanaceae). This is the first report on the antioxidant activity of these Colombian species.

The antioxidant activity of the crude n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from 25 species belonging to the Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Solanaceae families collected at natural reserves from the Eje Cafetero Ecorregión Colombia, were evaluated by using the spectrophotometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging method. The strongest antioxidant activities were showed by the methanol and dichloromethane extracts from the Euphorbiaceae, Alchornea coelophylla (IC50 41.14 mg/l) and Acalypha platyphilla (IC50 111.99 mg/l), respectively. These two species had stronger DPPH radical scavenging activities than hydroquinone (IC50 151.19 mg/l), the positive control. The potential use of Colombian flora for their antioxidant activities is discussed.

As concentrações de diosgenina em uma coleção de tubérculo de Dioscorea polygonoides do Eje Cafetero (EC, Colombia) foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Os teores obtidos variaram de 0,02 a 2,64%. A maior concentração de diosgenina (2,64%) foi obtida de um tubérculo coletado perto de Salento (Quindio). A média de recuperação desta foi de 97%. A identificação foi feita por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e por coeluição com o padrão autentico. Os resultados destes estudos foram importantes uma vez que os teores de diosgenina obtidos se mostraram superiores quando comparados aqueles relatados para outras espécies medicinais de Dioscorea, tornando Dioscorea polygonoides uma fonte potencial de diosgenina.

The diosgenin concentrations in a Dioscorea polygonoides tuber collection from the Eje Cafetero (EC, Colombia) were determined by HPLC and their percentages ranged from 0.02 to 2.64%. The highest diosgenin concentration (2.64%) was obtained in a tuber collected near Salento (Quindío). The average of diosgenin recovery was 97%. Diosgenin was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by coelution with authentic diosgenin standard in both HPLC and GC-MS techniques. The results of this study are important since comparatively they are higher than most of those reported on other medicinal Dioscorea species, making Dioscorea polygonoides a potential new source of diosgenin.

Trinta extratos crus de oito plantas da família Asteraceae e a duas plantas da família Rubiaceae, coletadas em diferentes lugares do Parque Natural Regional Ucumarí (PNRU), Colombia, foram avaliadas quanto à atividade contra duas bactérias Gram-positivas, duas Gram-negativas e três fungos. As atividades antibacteriana e antimicótica foram determinadas pelo método de difusão em agar. A atividade citotóxica dos mesmos extratos foi determinada através do bioensaio de Artemia salina. Os extratos da família Asteraceae foram os mais bioativos contra Bacillus subtilis e Staphylococcus aureus. Os extratos de ambas famílias estudadas foram bioativos contra os fungos Candida albicans e Fusarium solani. Os extratos da família Asteraceae exibiram maior atividade citotóxica. A espécie mais importante desta pesquisa foi Gonzalagunia rosea Standl (Rubiaceae) devido à atividade intensa e moderada dos extratos de metanol e diclorometano contra F. solani e C. albicans, respectivamente, bem como a intensa atividade citotóxica do extrato metanólico. Não se encontraram estudos prévios acerca das atividades biológicas das dez plantas avaliadas nesse estudo.

Thirty crude extracts of eight plants belonging to Asteraceae and two to Rubiaceae families collected at different places from the Regional Natural Park Ucumarí (RNPU), Colombia, were tested for their antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria and three fungi. Both the antibacterial and the antimycotic activities were tested by the agar well diffusion method. The cytotoxic activity on the same plant extracts was determined through the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The extracts from the Asteraceae family were more bioactive against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts of both families studied were bioactive against the fungi Candida albicans and Fusarium solani. In addition, the extracts of Asteraceae species displayed the greatest cytotoxic activities. However, the most important specie in this research was Gonzalagunia rosea Standl (Rubiaceae) because of the strong and moderate activities of the methanol and dichloromethane extracts against C. albicans and F. solani, respectively; as well as the strong cytotoxic activity of the methanol extract. None of these ten plants has previously been reported for their biological activities.

The methanol extracts from five different plant families (Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae, and Solanaceae) collected at Regional Natural Park Ucumarí (Colombia), were screened for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity through the modified Ellman's spectrophotometric method. The best inhibitory activities on this study were shown by the extracts of Solanum leucocarpum Dunal (IC50 = 204.59 mg/l) and Witheringia coccoloboides (Damm) (IC50 = 220.68 mg/l), both plants belonging to the Solanaceae family.